Middle East Oil Map & Routes

Oil production by country, the Hormuz chokepoint, and pipeline bypass routes. Adjust production and disruption to see net oil removed from the global market.

Petroline pipeline (Saudi → Yanbu, Red Sea)
ADCOP pipeline (UAE → Fujairah, outside Hormuz)
Iraq-Turkey pipeline (Kirkuk → Ceyhan, Mediterranean)
Tanker route through Hormuz
Hormuz chokepoint zone
Port / terminal

Production (mb/d)

Saudi Arabia 9.6
6 12
Iraq 4.4
2 6
Iran 4.2
0 5
UAE 4.0
2 5
Kuwait 3.0
1 4
Qatar 0.6
0 1.5

Hormuz Disruption

Disruption Severity 50%
0% = open, 100% = total closure
0% 100%

Pipeline Bypass Ramp-up

How much of each pipeline's SPARE capacity is activated in response to disruption?
Petroline spare used 60%
Spare: 3-5 mb/d. Full ramp takes weeks.
0% 100%
ADCOP spare used 80%
Spare: ~0.44 mb/d. Shorter pipeline, faster ramp.
0% 100%
Iraq-Turkey spare used 50%
Spare: ~1.4 mb/d. Political/security risks.
0% 100%

Port & Route Capacity

Even if the pipeline has capacity, the destination port and onward shipping route may not. Oil can only flow as fast as the weakest link.
Yanbu port capacity 4.0 mb/d
Record: 3.8 mb/d (Mar 2026). Theoretical max ~5. VLCCs can't use Suez — must go via Africa.
2 6
Fujairah port capacity 2.0 mb/d
Current: ~1.7 mb/d. Outside Hormuz — no chokepoint risk onward.
1 3
Ceyhan terminal capacity 2.0 mb/d
Also handles BTC (Caspian) oil. Iraq pipeline share: ~1.6 mb/d max.
1 3
Red Sea (Bab el-Mandeb) risk 10%
Houthi disruption risk reduces effective Yanbu throughput. 0% = no risk.
0% 50%

Results

Total Gulf production —
Oil routed through Hormuz —
Oil disrupted at Hormuz —
Pipeline bypass (unconstrained) —
Port-constrained bypass (actual) —
Lost to port bottlenecks —
Net oil removed from market —

Sources — verify independently (see /research/ folder for full citations)